{"id":1357,"date":"2018-02-01T14:49:44","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T17:49:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/?p=1357"},"modified":"2018-02-01T14:49:44","modified_gmt":"2018-02-01T17:49:44","slug":"personagens-da-ciencia-de-meteoros-parte-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/personagens-da-ciencia-de-meteoros-parte-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Personagens da Ci\u00eancia de Meteoros &#8211; Parte I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Uma das primeiras tentativas para explicar o fen\u00f4meno dos meteoros surgiu com Anax\u00e1goras de Claz\u00f4mena que viveu entre 500 e 428 a.C.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3.jpg\"><img data-attachment-id=\"1358\" data-permalink=\"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/anaxagoras-filosofo-grego-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3.jpg?fit=462%2C600\" data-orig-size=\"462,600\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3.jpg?fit=231%2C300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3.jpg?fit=462%2C600\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1358\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3-231x300.jpg?resize=231%2C300\" alt=\"\" width=\"231\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3.jpg?resize=231%2C300 231w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3.jpg?w=462 462w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 231px) 100vw, 231px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Anax\u00e1goras de Claz\u00f4mena (500 &#8211; 428 a. C)<\/p>\n<p>O modelo cosmog\u00f4nico de Anax\u00e1goras previa que as estrelas e planetas eram feitos de rocha. O brilho se dava pelo movimento dos mesmos no extremamente puro e rarefeito ar, no qual denominavam \u00e9ter.<\/p>\n<p>Anax\u00e1goras tamb\u00e9m descrevia as estrelas cadentes como sendo fagulhas no \u00e9ter.Deste modo, os meteoros eram t\u00e3o somente fen\u00f4menos atmosf\u00e9ricos e aconteciam internos \u00e0 esfera celeste. Era a \u00e9poca em que foi tra\u00e7ado um paralelo entre meteoro, rel\u00e2mpago e terremoto. Se a igni\u00e7\u00e3o ocorria na alta atmosfera era denominado meteoros. Se ocorria pr\u00f3ximo ao solo, era o rel\u00e2mpago e se ocorria interno ao solo era o terremoto. Mas Anax\u00e1goras afirmava que os meteoritos eram rochas que ca\u00edam do c\u00e9u.<\/p>\n<p>Plutarco escreveu que Anax\u00e1goras previu a queda de um meteorito em 467 a.C. E obviamente isso foi pura sorte, pois \u00e9 altamente improv\u00e1vel prever este tipo de acontecimento.<\/p>\n<p>A prov\u00e1vel explica\u00e7\u00e3o para o acerto de Anax\u00e1goras foi uma jun\u00e7\u00e3o de acontecimentos naquele ano. O surgimento de uma grande cometa, que Anax\u00e1goras julgava ter sua origem na fus\u00e3o da luz de duas ou mais estrelas poderia resultar em fragmentos de rochas que, obviamente, caiam na Terra. Assim, ap\u00f3s avistar o cometa, Anax\u00e1goras p\u00f4s-se a esperar que meteoritos surgissem.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u00f3genes de Apol\u00f4nia desenvolveu uma cosmogonia muito similar a de Anax\u00e1goras. Entretanto ele acreditava que o Universo possu\u00eda estrelas vis\u00edveis e estrelas invis\u00edveis. As estrelas vis\u00edveis estavam l\u00e1, seguindo o inexor\u00e1vel movimento da esfera celeste. mas as estrelas invis\u00edveis tinham movimentos aleat\u00f3rios e, eventualmente poderiam tanto colidir quanto cair na terra, gerando o que hoje conhecemos como fireball.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/di\u00f3genes.jpg\"><img data-attachment-id=\"1359\" data-permalink=\"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/diogenes\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/di\u00f3genes.jpg?fit=353%2C479\" data-orig-size=\"353,479\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"di\u00f3genes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/di\u00f3genes.jpg?fit=221%2C300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/di\u00f3genes.jpg?fit=353%2C479\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1359\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/di\u00f3genes-221x300.jpg?resize=221%2C300\" alt=\"\" width=\"221\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/di\u00f3genes.jpg?resize=221%2C300 221w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/di\u00f3genes.jpg?w=353 353w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Di\u00f3genes de Apol\u00f4nia (499 &#8211; 428 a. C)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">O mais influente trabalho neste campo, surgido na Gr\u00e9cia Antiga \u00e9 de longe, o de Arist\u00f3teles (384 &#8211; 327 a.C).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Arist\u00f3teles resumiu todas as ideias sobre a forma\u00e7\u00e3o dos fen\u00f4menos meteorol\u00f3gicos (estrelas cadentes, rel\u00e2mpagos, neve,\u00a0 cometas, chuva, trov\u00f5es&#8230;) num livro no qual deu o nome de <em>Meterologica<\/em>, escrito em 357 a.C..<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Arist\u00f3teles acreditava que tudo era feito a partir da combina\u00e7\u00e3o de quatro elementos: terra, \u00e1gua, fogo e ar. Cada um deste elementos teria grada\u00e7\u00f5es de de caracter\u00edsticas como calor\/frio e seco\/\u00famido. Ele tamb\u00e9m definiu um lugar para cada um dos elementos dentro da primeira esfera celestial (que estava abaixo da \u00f3rbita lunar).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/celestial-sphere.jpg\"><img data-attachment-id=\"1361\" data-permalink=\"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/celestial-sphere\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/celestial-sphere.jpg?fit=561%2C555\" data-orig-size=\"561,555\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"celestial sphere\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/celestial-sphere.jpg?fit=300%2C297\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/celestial-sphere.jpg?fit=561%2C555\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1361\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/celestial-sphere-300x297.jpg?resize=300%2C297\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/celestial-sphere.jpg?resize=300%2C297 300w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/celestial-sphere.jpg?w=561 561w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Representa\u00e7\u00e3o das esferas celestiais, segundo o pensamento na Gr\u00e9cia Antiga.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Dentro da l\u00f3gica aristot\u00e9lica, os c\u00e9us possu\u00edam perfei\u00e7\u00e3o em sua est\u00e9tica e componentes, n\u00e3o sendo ent\u00e3o admitida a presen\u00e7a de elementos err\u00e1ticos, como cometas ou estrelas cadentes. Estes objetos somente poderiam ter origem na pr\u00f3pria Terra. Assim, os meteoros eram apenas vapores inflamados. Mas, diferente do pensamento de Anax\u00e1goras, Arist\u00f3teles acreditava que eram exala\u00e7\u00f5es realmente da pr\u00f3pria terra.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aristotles.jpg\"><img data-attachment-id=\"1360\" data-permalink=\"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/aristotles\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aristotles.jpg?fit=241%2C210\" data-orig-size=\"241,210\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"aristotles\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aristotles.jpg?fit=241%2C210\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aristotles.jpg?fit=241%2C210\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1360\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/aristotles.jpg?resize=241%2C210\" alt=\"\" width=\"241\" height=\"210\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Arist\u00f3teles (384 &#8211; 327 a.C.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">No <em>Meteorologica,\u00a0<\/em>Arist\u00f3teles explicou que o Sol gera aquecimento e provoca tais libera\u00e7\u00f5es de vapores. Isto ent\u00e3o geraria v\u00e1rios fen\u00f4menos atmosf\u00e9ricos. A \u00e1gua produzia vapores \u00famidos e a terra produziria ventos e vapores secos.Quando muito vapor seco se acumulasse no topo da primeira esfera celestial, haveria igni\u00e7\u00e3o e o surgimento de um meteoro.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">No pr\u00f3ximo post da s\u00e9rie vamos conhecer um pouco mais o pensamento de Arist\u00f3teles e os conceitos que fizeram a Ci\u00eancia de meteoros ficar sem grandes avan\u00e7os por quase 2000 anos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/personagens-da-ciencia-de-meteoros-parte-ii\/\">Personagens da Ci\u00eancia de meteoros &#8211; Parte II<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Imagens sob licen\u00e7a CC. 3.0.\u00a0 Pesquisa e edi\u00e7\u00e3o: Lauriston Trindade*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">*Lauriston Trindade \u00e9 graduando em F\u00edsica pela Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1 (UECE), integrante da BRAMON desde 2015, co-descobridor de chuvas de meteoros e membro da International Meteor Organization (IMO)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpm_excerpt clearfix\"><p>Uma das primeiras tentativas para explicar o fen\u00f4meno dos meteoros surgiu com&hellip;<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":1358,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[58,59,20,16,17,60,12,31],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Anax\u00e1goras-Fil\u00f3sofo-Grego-3.jpg?fit=462%2C600","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1357"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/71"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1357"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1357\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bramonmeteor.org\/bramon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}